These are the abbreviations used in the parsing of verbs in Lumina, our online Bible study tool.
*Note that some of the following are represented by the same letters. This means that it is important to understand where in the string of parsing the letter is, as well as what part of speech is in view (verb, noun, adjective, participle, etc.). Scroll down farther for additional actual examples for comparison.
Part of Speech
A - Adjective
ADV - Adverb
CONJ - Conjunction
N - Noun
P - Pronoun
PREP - Preposition
PRT - Particle
T - Article
V - Verb
Tense
A - Aorist
F - Future
I - Imperfect
P - Present
X - Perfect
Y - Pluperfect
Voice
A - Active
M - Middle
P - Passive
Mood
M - Imperative
I - Indicative
N - Infinitive
P - Participle
S - Subjunctive
Case
A - Accusative
D - Dative
G - Genitive
N - Nominative
Gender
M - Masculine
F - Feminine
N - Neuter
Person
1 - First
2 - Second
3 - Third
Number
S - Singular
P - Plural
Grammar Tag Codes
Grammar Tag Information
The uniqueness of this edition of the Greek New Testament. and the feature that justifies the word analytical in its title, is the grammatical analysis located immediately below each word of the Greek text.
Every "grammatical tag" consists primarily of capital letters. The first letter indicates whether the Greek word is a noun (N); verb (V): adjective (A); determiner (i.e., definite article) (D); preposition (P); conjunction (C); or particle (Q) The category of "noun" includes both nouns (N-) and pronouns (NP). That of "adjective" includes those used substantivally, or "pronominals," (AP); adverbs (AB); and attributive and predicate adjectives (A-).
Subsequent letters in the tag, then, further specify the form of the Greek word. For example, the tag for a noun begins with N. The next place tells whether the word is a pronoun (P) or not (-). The third place specifies the case; the fourth, gender; the fifth, person; and the sixth, number. A noun (N) that is not a pronoun (-) and that is nominative (N), feminine (F). and singular (S) would have below it this tag: N-NF-S. Chart I outlines for other parts of speech what has just been explained concerning the noun.
To further illustrate how to read the abbreviated grammatical analysis, the first seven words of John 3:16 are reproduced, with tags, below, after which the seven tags are deciphered:
|
Οὕτως |
adjective, adverb |
|
γὰρ |
conjunction, subordinating |
|
ἠγάπησεν |
verb, indicative, aorist, active, -, -, third person, singular |
|
ὁ |
determiner, nominative, masculine, singular |
|
θεὸς |
noun, -, nominative, masculine, -, singular |
|
τὸν |
determiner, accusative, masculine, singular |
|
κόσμον |
noun, -, accusative, masculine, -, singular |
In some cases there has been added to the basic analysis of a word's form a secondary analysis of function. This results in a "complex" tag, the two elements of which are connected by a box (^). An example, from Matthew 1:20, is this tag for the word υἱὸς in the phrase Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ: N-VM-S^N-VM-S. The reader who is interested only in the word's form may simply stop reading at the box.
Other and less frequent kinds of complex tags are connected by a slash (/) meaning "or"; a dagger (!), also meaning "or"; and an ampersand (&), meaning "and." The slash and dagger indicate that two analyses are possible; the dagger is used in preference to the slash when the order of alternatives possesses significance. The ampersand conjoins two tags neither of which would be adequate by itself, as in the case of crasis.
A plus sign (+) immediately before or after a tag indicates a close relationship between the word above the tag and another word, as in cases of verbal periphrastics. The sign appears on the side of the tag on which the pairing occurs.
