Mental Health and the Church

Editor's Note: All human brokenness is the result of sin infecting the human condition at the Fall. Some mental disease is caused by spiritual issues such as unrepentant sin or demonic oppression, where some is due to chemical imbalance or brain disease, just like other organ diseases such as heart or liver problems.

The subject of mental illness is complex, but the purpose of this article is to address ways in which the church can compassionately support those dealing with it.

The Right Questions

The air was full of compassion that afternoon as the visitor unfolded her story to the women's small group Bible study. Her daughter had been recently hospitalized, again, for a chronic illness so debilitating she is often unable to get out of bed. She is in so much pain that she can not care for her small children, cook meals for her family or participate in any events. As tears escaped down her cheeks the visitor explained how this trip to ER was the third one in four years.

Each woman leaned in, listening with deep care. A few nearby patted the lady on the shoulder. Someone suggested they should pray, and so they did, with generous faith. Then someone asked the visitor where the daughter had been admitted. "Highlands Psychiatric Hospital," the visitor whispered. Within moments the compassion in the air shifted, replaced with a sense of stigma and confusion.

Rejection of those with certain kinds of illnesses is an old blight, and at the time of Christ there was plenty of it blowing around. Lepers, barren women, the poor, were all victims, as were the deaf and the blind.

In the ninth chapter of John’s Gospel we see Jesus confront, head-on, a community’s attitude toward its outcasts, while at the same time doing what He does best: healing. He heals blindness—two kinds of blindness. First and obvious, he gives sight to a blind man. But another and important miracle happens as he exposes and begins to heal the blinding darkness of stigma borne by the man’s family and neighbors.

In Jesus’ day, illnesses were often attributed to sin. So the disciples’ question was not, “How did this happen?” because they thought they had already figured that out. They were sure the cause was sin. They just wanted Jesus to help them ascribe blame to the right party.  Their question was, “Who sinned, this man or his parents?”

Jesus would have none of it. “You are asking the wrong question,” he responded. He knew the question arose from wrong assumptions—presumptions based on ignorance and stigma.

A similar area of blindness in our Christian community is how we view those dealing with mental illnesses. Like the disciples, our assumptions are often based on ignorance and stigma, and our wrong questions reveal that. What are some right questions, productive questions, that would help us clarify the confusion still exisiting around the issue of “mental illness?” Let’s consider the following:

What are mental illnesses?

Mental illnesses are medical conditions. They are disorders of the brain. Like the diabetic who has a malfunctioning pancreas or the person whose autoimmune system has failed, those with mental illnesses have a part of their physical bodies that isn’t working as it should.

Think of all the functions our brains perform! When some parts of the brain aren’t able to do some of those things, then the ways we think, how we feel and express emotions, and even our ability to relate to others and perform daily functions can be severely disrupted. Like other parts of our bodies, the brain is “fearfully and wonderfully made”—incredibly complex. Depending on which section is malfunctioning and what kind of brain chemicals are behaving badly, mental illnesses manifest in different ways. So, there are lots of different diagnoses and labels used to describe various mental illnesses, including: depression, schizophrenia, bipolar, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and others.

Like other sicknesses, such as diabetes, there is no cure for many kinds of mental illnesses. They are chronic and debilitating. However, like other medical conditions, with the right medical treatments and support from loved ones and the community, mental illnesses can be managed and individuals can live meaningful lives.

Who does mental illness impact?

These illnesses impact the young and old, poor and affluent, less educated and highly educated, men and women—touching lives in all nations, races, and religions. Mental illness is also widespread throughout society. In fact, in the United States, it is estimated that 60 million Americans (1 in 17) are living with a mental illness, which is more than twice the number who live with diabetes (25.8 million); nearly 5x the number dealing with cancer (13 million); and about 60x those diagnosed with HIV/Aids (1.1 million). About every 15 minutes, someone with severe depression takes his or her own life. With those kinds of numbers, it is likely that 1 in 4 adults will experience a mental health disorder in a given year.

Mental illnesses not only impact lots of people from all aspects of life, the way these disorders disrupt lives is also profound. Often people with mental illnesses turn to drugs and alcohol to try to address their mental anguish. Many cannot hold steady employment and thus those with mental illnesses make up over 25% of the homeless population in the U.S.  It is also estimated that about 20-25% of jail and prison inmates, as well as youth involved with juvenile justice, live with a mental illness.

In addition to all these different groups of people who are impacted by mental illnesses, there is yet another segment of society we need to know about. This group can be as much as 20 times larger than the population suffering with mental illness. It is a quiet and invisible group, and it’s members are weary and courageous. These are the families—spouses, parents, children, siblings—who care for loved ones.

How should the Church respond?

We have seen that the community surrounding the man with illness in his eyes responded to his needs with ignorance and stigma. Jesus responded differently. How should we respond to people with illnesses in their brains?

The blind’s man family was treated with suspicion and blame. But Jesus took another approach. How will we support families who support their loved ones?

As with all Kingdom love, we respond first out of the right heart, then with the right ideas, and finally with the right actions.  As Matthew Henry, an early 18th century British minister and Bible commentator noted:

“Let us learn how to value our own reason, and to pity the case of those that are under the prevailing power of melancholy or distraction, or are delirious, and to be very tender in our censures of them and conduct towards them, for it is a trial common to men, and a case which, some time or other, may be our own.”

With even greater simplicity, Jesus reminds us that we should care for those society has given up on, such as the naked, the hungry, and the imprisoned, as though we are caring for him. Mother Teresa showed us how to love this way through her life and in her prayers:

“Dearest Lord, may I see you today and everyday in the person of your sick, and while nursing them, minister to you. Though you hide yourself behind the unattractive disguise of the irritable, the exacting, the unreasonable, may I still recognize you and say, 'Jesus, my patient, how sweet it is to serve you.’”

Once our ignorance is addressed and our compassion is ignited, there are some practical ways a church can help overcome stigma and reach out to the mentally ill and their families. Here are some ideas:

1. Make your church a safe place for those who suffer. To do that, a church body needs to be transparent about brokenness and acknowledge that all of us struggle with weak areas in our lives.

2. Equip your church with the tools it needs to serve those with mental illnesses and their families. Develop or identify your congregation’s theology of suffering. Train clergy and staff.  Offer support groups. Create alliances with local mental health professionals.

3. Treat hurting people like people. Be a friend. Include them in gatherings. Invite them when groups are going to lunch. As needed, refer them on to professional help, but don't pass them on. At the same time, set healthy boundaries in your relationships. Don’t expect them to be able to do that.

4. Address the stigma of mental illness by talking about it openly. Include general prayers for the mentally ill in congregational praying. Highlight and financially support local ministries who serve the homeless, the incarcerated and indigent mentally ill populations.

5. Treat those with mental illnesses and their families as you would any who have chronic pain in their lives or are lifelong caregivers. Pray for and with them. Give them space to talk about what is going on in their lives. Attend to practical needs such as transportation to medical appointments, assist, when appropriate, with extraordinary expenses.

In the story of the blind man, what if the community had not been so concerned with assigning blame but instead had been consumed in administering love?  What if their question, instead of, “Who sinned?” was, “How can we help?”  Perhaps instead of investigating the healing, they would have been participating in it.

Which question is yours?

Resources for those with mental illnesses and their families:

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) http://www.nami.org

Mental Health Grace Alliance http://mentalhealthgracealliance.org/

Video and Audio Sessions on “Mental Health and the Church” Sponsored by Saddleback Church (Rick Warren)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2K5-5DV1sv4

Books

Grace for the Afflicted: A Clinical and Biblical Perspective on Mental Illness, Matthew S. Stanford, IVP Books

Troubled Minds: Mental Illness and the Church’s Mission, Amy Simpson, IVP Books